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Microstrip Antenna for Non-Invasive Glucose Sensing Using FR-4 Substrate Material

Authors:

Salsabil Firas Abdul-Razzaq, Raed Safaa El-Din Sabah, Abdul-Jabbar Faris Abdul-Razzaq

DOI:

Abstract:

This extended study synthesizes literature review and investigation results in microstrip and slotted‑patch antennas on FR‑4 substrates for non‑invasive blood glucose sensing. We analyze electromagnetic mechanisms, substrate trade‑offs, geometry–sensitivity relations, SAR and safety, calibration strategies, and phantom design. Comparative evidence from 2020–2025 is consolidated, including metamaterial and defected‑ground enhancements. Some structured tables and equation‑based derivations are included to guide practical design and validation.

Keywords:

Non-invasive glucose sensing, FR-4, Printed slot antenna, Defected ground structure, Metamaterial, SAR, Cole–Cole, Machine learning

Refference:

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16. Salsabil Firas Abdul-Razzaq, Raed Safaa El-Din Sabah, Abdul-Jabbar Faris Abdul-Razzaq, Microstrip Antenna for Non-Invasive Glucose Sensing, Graduate Project, University of Information Technology and communication, Baghdad, Iraq, 2025.